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References
- Aarestrup, F. M. ; Seyfarth, A. M. ; Emborg, H. D. ; Pedersen, K. ; Hendriksen, R. S. and Bager, F.( 2001) . Effect of abolishment of the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion on occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal enterococci from food animals in Denmark. Antimicrob Agents Chemother., 45: 2054–2059.
- Agnihotri, N. ; Gupta, V. and Joshi, R. M. (2004) . Aerobic bacterial isolates from burn wound infections and their antibiogram, a five-year study. Burns 30:241-243.
- Ballow, C.H., and Schentag, J.J. (1992) . Trends in antibiotic utilization and bacterial resistance (Report of the National Nosocomial Resistance Surveillance Group). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis., 15: 37-42.
- Bauer, A. ; Kirby, W. ; Sherris, J. and Turtch, M. (1996) . Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Path., 43: 493-96.
- Bowler, P.G. ; Duerden, B.I. and Armstrong, D.G. (2001). Wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management. Clin Microbiol Rev., 14:244-269.
- Byarugaba, D. K. (2004) . A view on antmicrobial resistance in developing countries and responsible risk factors. Int J Antimicrob Agents., 24: 105–110.
- Church, D. ; Elsayed, S. ; Reid, O. Winston, B. and Lindsay, R. (2006) . Burn wound infections. Clin Microbiol Rev., 19: 403-34.
- CLSI: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2007). Performance Standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, seventeenth informational supplement, CLSI document M100-S17, Wayna, PA. USA.
- David, M. L. (2003). Bacterial Resistance: Origins, Epidemiology, and Impact. Infect Dis Ther., 36 : 11-23.
- Farrar, W.E. (1985). Antibiotic resistance in developing countries. J Inf Dis., 152 :1103–6.
- Kaushik, R. ; Kumar, S. ; Sharma, R. and Lal, P. (2001). Bacteriology of burn wounds-the first 3 years in a new burn unit at the Medical College Chandigarh. Burns., 27: 595-597.
- Kehinde, A. O. ; Ademola, S.A. ; Okesola, A.O. and Oluwatosin, O. M. (2004). Pattern of bacterial pathogens in burn wound infections in Ibadan, Nigeria. Burns., 107: 348-355.
- Komolafe, O. O. ; James, J. ; Kalongolera, L. and Makoka, M. (2003). Bacteriology of burns at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. Burns., 29: 235-238.
- Lari, A. R. and Alaghehbandan, R.( 2000) . Nosocomial infections in an Iranian burn care center. Burns. 26: 737-40.
- Li, J. Z. ; Winston, L. G. ; Moore, D. H. and Bent, S. (2007). "Efficacy of short-course antibiotic regimens for community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis". Am. J. Med., 120 : 783–90.
- Liwimbi, O. and Komolafe, I. ( 2007 ). Epidemiology and bacterial colonization of burn injuries in Blantyre, Malawi medical journal., 19: 25-27.
- Macedo, J. L. and Santos, J.B. (2006). Nosocomial infections in a Brazilian Burn Unit. Burns., 32: 477-481.
- McGowan, J.E. (1983). Antimicrobial resistance in hospital organisms and its relation to antibiotic use. Rev Infect Dis., 5:1033-1048.
- Mohammed, J. ; Alwan I. J. and Aseel, M. H. (2011). Bacterial isolation from burn wound infections and studying their antimicrobial susceptibility . Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences., 2: 121-131.
- Moller, J.K. (1989). Antimicrobial usage and microbial resistance in a university hospital during a seven-year period. J Antimicrob Chemother., 24:983-992.
- Mouton, R.P.; Herman, J.; Simoons-Smit, A.M., Hoogkamp-Korstanje, J. A. ; Degener, J.E. and van, K. B. (1990). Correlations between consumption of antibiotics and methicillin resistance in coagulase negative staphylococci. J Antimicrob Chemother., 26:573-583.
- O’Brien, T. F. (1986) . Resistance to antibiotics at medical centers in different parts of the world. J Antimicrob Chemother., 18 : 919–26.
- Ozumba, U. C. and Jiburum, B.C. (2000). Bacteriology of burn wounds in Enugu, Nigeria. Burns. 26 : 178-80.
- Rezaei, E. ; Safari, H. ; Naderinasab, M. and Aliakbarian, H. (2011). Common pathogens in burn wound and changes in their drug sensitivity. Burns. 37: 805-7.
- Ringertz, S. and Kronvall, G. (1987) . Increased use of erythromycin causes resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. Scand J Infect Dis., 19:247-256.
- Salih, S.S. (2008). Some bacteriological and molecular studies of P. aeruginosa isolated from different environments. M.Sc. Thesis, The higher Academy of Human and Science Studies. Baghdad, Iraq.
- Tassadaq, H. ; Aneela, R. ; Shehzad, M. ; Iftikhar, A. ; Jafar, K. ; VeroniqueEdel, H. ; Kil, Y. K.and Muhammad, A. (2013). Biochemical characterization and identification of bacterial strains isolated from drinking water sources of Kohat, Pakistan. Afr J Microbiol Res., 7 : 1579-1590.
- Walsh, C. (2000). Molecular mechanisms that confer antibacterial drug resistance. Nature., 406: 775–781.
References
Aarestrup, F. M. ; Seyfarth, A. M. ; Emborg, H. D. ; Pedersen, K. ; Hendriksen, R. S. and Bager, F.( 2001) . Effect of abolishment of the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion on occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal enterococci from food animals in Denmark. Antimicrob Agents Chemother., 45: 2054–2059.
Agnihotri, N. ; Gupta, V. and Joshi, R. M. (2004) . Aerobic bacterial isolates from burn wound infections and their antibiogram, a five-year study. Burns 30:241-243.
Ballow, C.H., and Schentag, J.J. (1992) . Trends in antibiotic utilization and bacterial resistance (Report of the National Nosocomial Resistance Surveillance Group). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis., 15: 37-42.
Bauer, A. ; Kirby, W. ; Sherris, J. and Turtch, M. (1996) . Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Path., 43: 493-96.
Bowler, P.G. ; Duerden, B.I. and Armstrong, D.G. (2001). Wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management. Clin Microbiol Rev., 14:244-269.
Byarugaba, D. K. (2004) . A view on antmicrobial resistance in developing countries and responsible risk factors. Int J Antimicrob Agents., 24: 105–110.
Church, D. ; Elsayed, S. ; Reid, O. Winston, B. and Lindsay, R. (2006) . Burn wound infections. Clin Microbiol Rev., 19: 403-34.
CLSI: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2007). Performance Standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, seventeenth informational supplement, CLSI document M100-S17, Wayna, PA. USA.
David, M. L. (2003). Bacterial Resistance: Origins, Epidemiology, and Impact. Infect Dis Ther., 36 : 11-23.
Farrar, W.E. (1985). Antibiotic resistance in developing countries. J Inf Dis., 152 :1103–6.
Kaushik, R. ; Kumar, S. ; Sharma, R. and Lal, P. (2001). Bacteriology of burn wounds-the first 3 years in a new burn unit at the Medical College Chandigarh. Burns., 27: 595-597.
Kehinde, A. O. ; Ademola, S.A. ; Okesola, A.O. and Oluwatosin, O. M. (2004). Pattern of bacterial pathogens in burn wound infections in Ibadan, Nigeria. Burns., 107: 348-355.
Komolafe, O. O. ; James, J. ; Kalongolera, L. and Makoka, M. (2003). Bacteriology of burns at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. Burns., 29: 235-238.
Lari, A. R. and Alaghehbandan, R.( 2000) . Nosocomial infections in an Iranian burn care center. Burns. 26: 737-40.
Li, J. Z. ; Winston, L. G. ; Moore, D. H. and Bent, S. (2007). "Efficacy of short-course antibiotic regimens for community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis". Am. J. Med., 120 : 783–90.
Liwimbi, O. and Komolafe, I. ( 2007 ). Epidemiology and bacterial colonization of burn injuries in Blantyre, Malawi medical journal., 19: 25-27.
Macedo, J. L. and Santos, J.B. (2006). Nosocomial infections in a Brazilian Burn Unit. Burns., 32: 477-481.
McGowan, J.E. (1983). Antimicrobial resistance in hospital organisms and its relation to antibiotic use. Rev Infect Dis., 5:1033-1048.
Mohammed, J. ; Alwan I. J. and Aseel, M. H. (2011). Bacterial isolation from burn wound infections and studying their antimicrobial susceptibility . Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences., 2: 121-131.
Moller, J.K. (1989). Antimicrobial usage and microbial resistance in a university hospital during a seven-year period. J Antimicrob Chemother., 24:983-992.
Mouton, R.P.; Herman, J.; Simoons-Smit, A.M., Hoogkamp-Korstanje, J. A. ; Degener, J.E. and van, K. B. (1990). Correlations between consumption of antibiotics and methicillin resistance in coagulase negative staphylococci. J Antimicrob Chemother., 26:573-583.
O’Brien, T. F. (1986) . Resistance to antibiotics at medical centers in different parts of the world. J Antimicrob Chemother., 18 : 919–26.
Ozumba, U. C. and Jiburum, B.C. (2000). Bacteriology of burn wounds in Enugu, Nigeria. Burns. 26 : 178-80.
Rezaei, E. ; Safari, H. ; Naderinasab, M. and Aliakbarian, H. (2011). Common pathogens in burn wound and changes in their drug sensitivity. Burns. 37: 805-7.
Ringertz, S. and Kronvall, G. (1987) . Increased use of erythromycin causes resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. Scand J Infect Dis., 19:247-256.
Salih, S.S. (2008). Some bacteriological and molecular studies of P. aeruginosa isolated from different environments. M.Sc. Thesis, The higher Academy of Human and Science Studies. Baghdad, Iraq.
Tassadaq, H. ; Aneela, R. ; Shehzad, M. ; Iftikhar, A. ; Jafar, K. ; VeroniqueEdel, H. ; Kil, Y. K.and Muhammad, A. (2013). Biochemical characterization and identification of bacterial strains isolated from drinking water sources of Kohat, Pakistan. Afr J Microbiol Res., 7 : 1579-1590.
Walsh, C. (2000). Molecular mechanisms that confer antibacterial drug resistance. Nature., 406: 775–781.
