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Abstract
Of 102 patients with tonsillopharyngitis , Beta haemolytic streptococcus type A ,was the commonest cause accounting for 59.8% of all isolated bacteria, followed by 29.4% was staphylococcus.On other hand pseudomonas represent the top of the list of bacterial causes of chronic suppurative otitis media(46%) ,followed by staphylococcus aureus (27.6%).
Amikacin has the greater chance of action among most isolated bacteria in this study.Sensitivity to commonly used antibacterial agent like amoxicillin, cephalosporin, pencillin, erythromycin and co-trimazole were less.
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References
- D.L.Cowan and John Hibbert, acute and chronic infection of pharynx and tonsil,Scott Brown(1997)vol. 5/4.
- Gregg,Steele and Holzhuerter,1965;Mc-Kenzic and Brothwell1967;Rathban and Mallin,1977
- Fairbanks,D.N.F.(1981) ,antimicrobial therapy for chronic otitis media,anuuls of otology,rhinology and laryngology 90,(suppl;94),58-62.
- Hincheliffe,R(1961) prevalence of the commoner ear ,nose and throat condition in the adult rural population of Great British; British journal of preventative and social medicine,15,128-140.
- R.P.Mills, management of chronic suppurative otitis media, Scott Brown (1997)vol.3/10/2.
- Palva,T andHallstrom ,O.(1965)bacteriology of chronic otitis media,Archives of otolaryngology,82,354-364.
- Picozzi,G.L.Browning,G.G. and Calder,I.T.(1983),control trials of gentamycin and hydrocortisone ear drop in the treatment of active chronic otitis media,clinical otolaryngology,8,367-368.
- Harold ludman,complication of chronic suppurative otitis media,Scott Brown(1997)vol,3,12/1-27.
- RogerF.Gray FRCS.,diseases of the mouth and pharynx,synopsis of otolaryngology 5th edition (1992) 334-335.
- Chole Ra,SudhoffH H. chronic otitis media ,mastoiditis and petrositis.In; Cumming`s CW,Flint PW,Haughey BH, robbins KT,thoas JR,eds.otolaryngology:head&neck surgery. 4th ed. Philadeliphia,Pa:Mosby Elsevier;2005:chap 133.
- Lindblad WJ(2008)."consideration for determining if anatural product is an effective wound healing agent"International journal of lower extremity eounds 7 (2): 75-81.
- ForrestRD>(march1982),"Early history of wound treatment" JRSoc.med.75(3): 198-205.
- M.Wainwright(1989)"Mould in ancient and more recent medicine" O.Mycologist 3(1):21-23.
- Kingston W(june2008)"Irish contributions to the origins of antibiotics" Irish journal of medical science 177(2):87-92.
- CaideronCB,Sabundayo BP(2007).Antimicrobial classifications:Drug for bugs.InSChwalbe R,steele- moore L.,Goodwin AC, Antimicrobial susceptibility testing protocols.CRC press,Taylor&France group.ISBN0-8247-4100-5
- K.J.Lee,antimicrobial therapy in essential otolaryngology Head & neck surgery,7th ed(1999) 429-33.
- Mosby`s Medical Dictionary,8th ed,2009,Elsevier.
- Montorisi W,et al pefloxacin vesus ceftriaxone in single dose antibiotic prophylaxis in general clean contaminated surgery.The pefloxacin study group Minowa Chir 1997Dec;52(12):1539-48.
- Hell K. use of long acting cephalosporin(ceftriaxone)for antimicrobial prophylaxis in abdominal andbiliary surgery .Eur Sur Res 1989;21(suppl) 1:6-13.
- David N. F.Fairbanks, M.D.,antipseudomonal quinolone antibiotics,antimicrobial therapy in otolaryngology head and neck surgery 13th edition (2007)American Academy of otolaryngology-head&neck surgery Fourdation,Inc p15-16.
- David N. F.Fairbanks, M.D.,antipseudomonal quinolone antibiotics,antimicrobial therapy in otolaryngology head and neck surgery 13th edition (2007)American Academy of otolaryngology-head&neck surgery Macrolides ketolide-azalide,p9-11
- Ayaz Hussain Qureshi,et al, the prevalence of bacterial pathogen in throat infections and their susceptibility pattern,Pak Armed Forces Med J June 1997;47(1):34-6
- Fam Tnact,1992;9:255-62.
- Horn DL,ZabriskieJB.Austrian R,et al why have group A streptococcus remained susceptible to pencillin,Report on symposium clin infect Dis 1998;26:1341-5
- A.H.C Loy,AL Tan PKSLu,microbiology of chronic suppurative otitis media in Singapore
- Indutharon R, Haq J A, Aiyar S. Antibiotic in chronic suppurativ otitis media ; Abacteriological study.Ann O tol Rhinol Laryngol 1999;108(5):440-5.
- Rotimi yo,okeowoPA,OlabiyiDA,BanjoTO,the bacteriology of chronic Suppurative otitis media.East Afr Med J 1992;69(7):394-7.
- Fayed DF,Dahmash NS,alzeerAH,Shibl AM,Huraib SO,Abu-Aishah ,efficacy and safety of one –daily amikacin in combination with ceftazidine in critically ill adults with severe gram negative infection ,J chemother1996Dec;8(6):475-64
- Karachlios GN,Houpas P ,TZiviskou E,PapalimneouV,Georgiou A,Karachaliou I,Halkiadki D. prospective randomized study of once – daily versus twice –daily amikacin regimens in patient s with systemic infection. IntJelin pharmacol ther1998 Oct;36(10):561-4
- Maller R , Ahrene H, Holmen C,Lausen I ,Nilsson LE, Smedjegardj. Once- versus twice daily amikacin regmen : efficacy and safety in systemic gram- negative infections J Antimicrob chemother 1993 Jun;31(6);939-48.
- Schmid L, Jeschko M,wilder-Smith C, Schfroth U,Thurliman B, pedrazzini A, Senntt, ceftriaxone and amikacin versus ceftazidne and amikacin in febrile granulocytopenia chemotherapy 1991;37(5):346-52.
References
D.L.Cowan and John Hibbert, acute and chronic infection of pharynx and tonsil,Scott Brown(1997)vol. 5/4.
Gregg,Steele and Holzhuerter,1965;Mc-Kenzic and Brothwell1967;Rathban and Mallin,1977
Fairbanks,D.N.F.(1981) ,antimicrobial therapy for chronic otitis media,anuuls of otology,rhinology and laryngology 90,(suppl;94),58-62.
Hincheliffe,R(1961) prevalence of the commoner ear ,nose and throat condition in the adult rural population of Great British; British journal of preventative and social medicine,15,128-140.
R.P.Mills, management of chronic suppurative otitis media, Scott Brown (1997)vol.3/10/2.
Palva,T andHallstrom ,O.(1965)bacteriology of chronic otitis media,Archives of otolaryngology,82,354-364.
Picozzi,G.L.Browning,G.G. and Calder,I.T.(1983),control trials of gentamycin and hydrocortisone ear drop in the treatment of active chronic otitis media,clinical otolaryngology,8,367-368.
Harold ludman,complication of chronic suppurative otitis media,Scott Brown(1997)vol,3,12/1-27.
RogerF.Gray FRCS.,diseases of the mouth and pharynx,synopsis of otolaryngology 5th edition (1992) 334-335.
Chole Ra,SudhoffH H. chronic otitis media ,mastoiditis and petrositis.In; Cumming`s CW,Flint PW,Haughey BH, robbins KT,thoas JR,eds.otolaryngology:head&neck surgery. 4th ed. Philadeliphia,Pa:Mosby Elsevier;2005:chap 133.
Lindblad WJ(2008)."consideration for determining if anatural product is an effective wound healing agent"International journal of lower extremity eounds 7 (2): 75-81.
ForrestRD>(march1982),"Early history of wound treatment" JRSoc.med.75(3): 198-205.
M.Wainwright(1989)"Mould in ancient and more recent medicine" O.Mycologist 3(1):21-23.
Kingston W(june2008)"Irish contributions to the origins of antibiotics" Irish journal of medical science 177(2):87-92.
CaideronCB,Sabundayo BP(2007).Antimicrobial classifications:Drug for bugs.InSChwalbe R,steele- moore L.,Goodwin AC, Antimicrobial susceptibility testing protocols.CRC press,Taylor&France group.ISBN0-8247-4100-5
K.J.Lee,antimicrobial therapy in essential otolaryngology Head & neck surgery,7th ed(1999) 429-33.
Mosby`s Medical Dictionary,8th ed,2009,Elsevier.
Montorisi W,et al pefloxacin vesus ceftriaxone in single dose antibiotic prophylaxis in general clean contaminated surgery.The pefloxacin study group Minowa Chir 1997Dec;52(12):1539-48.
Hell K. use of long acting cephalosporin(ceftriaxone)for antimicrobial prophylaxis in abdominal andbiliary surgery .Eur Sur Res 1989;21(suppl) 1:6-13.
David N. F.Fairbanks, M.D.,antipseudomonal quinolone antibiotics,antimicrobial therapy in otolaryngology head and neck surgery 13th edition (2007)American Academy of otolaryngology-head&neck surgery Fourdation,Inc p15-16.
David N. F.Fairbanks, M.D.,antipseudomonal quinolone antibiotics,antimicrobial therapy in otolaryngology head and neck surgery 13th edition (2007)American Academy of otolaryngology-head&neck surgery Macrolides ketolide-azalide,p9-11
Ayaz Hussain Qureshi,et al, the prevalence of bacterial pathogen in throat infections and their susceptibility pattern,Pak Armed Forces Med J June 1997;47(1):34-6
Fam Tnact,1992;9:255-62.
Horn DL,ZabriskieJB.Austrian R,et al why have group A streptococcus remained susceptible to pencillin,Report on symposium clin infect Dis 1998;26:1341-5
A.H.C Loy,AL Tan PKSLu,microbiology of chronic suppurative otitis media in Singapore
Indutharon R, Haq J A, Aiyar S. Antibiotic in chronic suppurativ otitis media ; Abacteriological study.Ann O tol Rhinol Laryngol 1999;108(5):440-5.
Rotimi yo,okeowoPA,OlabiyiDA,BanjoTO,the bacteriology of chronic Suppurative otitis media.East Afr Med J 1992;69(7):394-7.
Fayed DF,Dahmash NS,alzeerAH,Shibl AM,Huraib SO,Abu-Aishah ,efficacy and safety of one –daily amikacin in combination with ceftazidine in critically ill adults with severe gram negative infection ,J chemother1996Dec;8(6):475-64
Karachlios GN,Houpas P ,TZiviskou E,PapalimneouV,Georgiou A,Karachaliou I,Halkiadki D. prospective randomized study of once – daily versus twice –daily amikacin regimens in patient s with systemic infection. IntJelin pharmacol ther1998 Oct;36(10):561-4
Maller R , Ahrene H, Holmen C,Lausen I ,Nilsson LE, Smedjegardj. Once- versus twice daily amikacin regmen : efficacy and safety in systemic gram- negative infections J Antimicrob chemother 1993 Jun;31(6);939-48.
Schmid L, Jeschko M,wilder-Smith C, Schfroth U,Thurliman B, pedrazzini A, Senntt, ceftriaxone and amikacin versus ceftazidne and amikacin in febrile granulocytopenia chemotherapy 1991;37(5):346-52.