GLYCEMIC CONTROL (HBA1C) IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Authors

  • Al. Ramadhan A.N Assistant lecturer ;dept. of biochemistry .collage of medicine ,university of basrah

Keywords:

HbA1C, Diabetic retinopathy ve, diabetic retinopathy –ve

Abstract

Objective: the aim of this study is to determine the biochemical markers predicting the development of diabetic retinopathy and the relationship between them.Method: a blood samples were collected from 100 diabetic patients classified into two groups: Group 1 consisted of 50 diabetic patients (30 females and 20 males) aged between 19-70 years without diabetic retinopathy (DR) proved by clinical evaluation performed by the ophthalmologist; Group 2 consisted of 50 diabetic patients (23females and 27 males) aged between 20-78 years with diabetic retinopathy proved by ophthalmologist. They were attending a private ophthalmology clinic in Basrah during the period from 1st of February 2010 to the 1st of August 2010. HbA1C was measured using cation-exchange resin to separate HbA1C from other types of HbA1C and measured spectrophotometrically.

References

Diabetes mellitus: Pamela C. Champe, Richard A Harvey, Denise R. Ferrier: Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry Awaters Kluwer Company, 3rd edition, 2005; 336-342.

Fong DS, Aiello L, Gardner T, King GL, Blankenship G, Cavallerano JD, et al. Retinopathy in Diabetes [American Diabetic Association: clinical practice recommendations 2004: Position statement]. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:s84-87.

Mayne P.D. Carbohydrate Metabolism. Clinical Chemistry in Diagnosis and Treatment. 6th edition. New York; Oxford University Press, Inc. 1994; 206-209.

Krishmnamurti U, Steffes MW. Glycohemoglobin: a primary predictor of the development or reversal of complications of diabetes mellitus. Clinical chemistry 2001;47:1157-65.

Larsen ML, Harder M, Mogensen EF (1990). "Effect of long-term monitoring of glycosylated hemoglobin levels in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" N. Engl. J. Med. 323(15):1021-5.

American society of Health-system pharmacist (ASPH). ASPH therapeutic position statement on strict glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Am J Health-syst Pharm 2003; 60(22): 2357-62.

American Diabetes Association. Tests of glycemia in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002; 25:s97-s99.

Moor THM, Shield JPH. Prevalence of abnormal urinary albumin excretion in adolescents and children with insulin dependent diabetes: the meidac study. Arch Dis Child 2000; 83: 239-43.

American Diabetes Association. Standard of Medical care in diabetes 2006. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: s4-s42.

American Diabetes Association. Tests in glycemia in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: s106-s108.

Kristinsson JK. Diabetic Retinopathy. Screening and prevention of blindness. Adoctoral thesis. Acta Ophthalmol Scand Suppl. 1997; (223): 1-76.

Ahmed S. Azab. Glycemic control among diabetic patients. Saudi Med J 2001; vol 22(5): 407-409.

Razzak HA. HbA1C level in a sample of apparently well controlled type2 diabetic patients. Iraqi Comm Med 2003; 16(3): 197-8.

Marcus Lind, Anders Oden, Martin Fahlen, Bjorn Eliasson. A systemic review of HbA1C variables used in the study of diabetic complications. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome: clinical research and reviews (2008) 2, 282-293.

Abdul Razzak NA, Mula Abid WS. Glycemic indices and other biochemical parameters in Iraqi diabetics. J Fac Med Baghdad 1997; 40(2):179-187.

Fatmq Alkharji, Nouria AlShemmeri, Leyla Mehrabi, Mohammed Hafez, Osama Fakher. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy among Kuwaiti diabetics.

The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA1C)to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes. 1995 Aug; 44(8): 68-83.

Edelman SV. Importance of glycose control. Med Clin North Am. 1998 Jul; 82(4): 665-87.

Bloomgarden ZT. Screening for and managing diabetic retinopathy:current approaches. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007 sep 1; 64(17suppl 12): s8-14.

Guillausseau P.J. Massin P., Charles M.A., Allaguy Z., Guvenil Z., Virally M. Glycemic control and development of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: alongitudinal study. J Diabetic medicine, 1998; 15(2): 151-155.

Younis N, Broadbent DM, Harding SP, Vora JP. Prevalence of diabetic eye disease in patients entering a systematic primary care-based eye screening programme. Diabet Med 2002; 19: 1014.

Lin DP, Molyneaux L, Chua E, Wang YZ, Wu CR, Jing H, et al. Retinopathy in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes: factors affecting the prescence of this complication at diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2002; 56: 125-131.

Stratton IM, Kohner EM, Aldington SJ, Turner RC, Holman RR, Manley SE, et al. UK PDS 50: Risk factors for incidence and progression of retinopathy in type II diabetes over 6 years from diagnosis. Diabetologia 2001; 44: 156-163.

El Hadded OAW, Saad MK. Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy among Omani diabetics. British J Ophthalmol 1998; 82: 901-906.

West SK, Kleim R, Rodriguez J, Broman AT, Sanchez R, Synder R, et al. diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in a Mexican-American population. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 1204-1209.

Downloads

Published

2021-06-23

Issue

Section

ARTICLE