Feto Maternal Outcome of Infected Pregnant Women with COVID-19 in Basra
Keywords:
COVID-19, Pregnancy, Maternal outcomes, Fetal outcomesAbstract
Background: The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic health disaster leads to high morbidity and mortality rates all over the world. The literatures concerning effect of COVID-19 disease on pregnancy outcomes are limited. Aim of study : To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy during the antenatal, intrapartum & postpartum maternal and fetal-neonatal outcome among infected women . Patients and methods: A prospective observational study done in Basra Teaching Hospital in Basra government/ south of Iraq during the period from 1st of March, 2020 to 28th of February, 2021 on sample of one hundred pregnant women infected by COVID-19.The data were collected by direct interview & filling a previously prepared questionnaire. The diagnosis of COVID-19 disease in pregnancy and severity categorization was done by physician according to Iraqi Ministry of Health guidelines for diagnosis. Results: The COVID-19 severity in pregnant women was classified into; mild (60%), moderate (26%) and severe (14%). 68% of participants had good final outcomes & 32% of them had poor outcomes. 66% of fetuses of participants had good final outcomes & 34% of fetuses had poor outcomes. Conclusions: The COVID-19 in pregnancy leads to significant poor maternal & fetal outcomes.References
World Health Organization. Corona virus disease (COVID-19) dashboard. 2021. Available at: https://covid19.who.int/
Lai PH, Lancet EA, Weiden MD. Characteristics associated with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and resuscitations during the novel corona virus disease 2019 pandemic in New York City. JAMA Cardiology 2020; 5:1154–1163.
Prabhu M, Cagino K, Matthews KC. Pregnancy and postpartum outcomes in a universally tested population for SARS-CoV-2 in New York City: a prospective cohort study. BJOG 2020; 127:1548–1556.
Littauer EQ, Esser ES, Antao OQ. H1N1 influenza virus infection results in adverse pregnancy outcomes by disrupting tissue-specific hormonal regulation. PLoSPathog 2017; 13:e1006757.
Schwaiberger D, Karcz M, Menk M. Respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation in the pregnant patient. Crit Care Clin 2016; 32:85–95.
Ackerman CM, Nguyen JL, Ambati S. Clinical and Pregnancy Outcomes of Corona virus Disease 2019 Among Hospitalized Pregnant Women in the United States. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 9(2):ofab429.
Di Mascio D, Khalil A, Saccone G. Outcome of corona virus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID-19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2020; 2:100107.
Bellos I, Pandita A, Panza R. Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2: a meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol ReprodBiol 2021; 256:194–204.
Ang XL, Chonkar SP, Chua MSQ. Problems with early systematic reviews: the case of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy. Matern Child Health J 2020; 25:38–41.
Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, Evaluation and Treatment Corona virus (COVID-19). 2020. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32150360
John E, Jorge M, Jonathan W, Vicki L, Smith R. Mechanisms of maternal immune tolerance during pregnancy In: Recent Advances in Research on the Human Placenta, edited by Zhang J. London: InTech, 2012.
Silasi M, Cardenas I, Kwon JY, Racicot K, Aldo P, Mor G. Viral infections during pregnancy. Am J ReprodImmunol 2015; 73: 199–213.
Wastnedge EAN, Reynolds RM, van Boeckel SR. Pregnancy and COVID-19. Physiol Rev 2021; 101(1):303-318.
Di Renzo GC, Giardina I.. Corona virus disease 2019 in pregnancy: consider thromboembolic disorders and thromboprophylaxis. Am J ObstetGynecol 2020; 223: 135.
Ji H-L, Zhao R, Matalon S, Matthay MA. Elevated plasmin(ogen) as a common risk factor for COVID-19 susceptibility. Physiol Rev 2020; 100: 1065–1075.
Creanga AA, Syverson C, Seed K, Callaghan WM. Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 2011-2013. ObstetGynecol 2017; 130: 366–373.
Ahmed I, Azhar A, Eltaweel N, Tan BK. First COVID-19 maternal mortality in the UK associated with thrombotic complications. Br J Haematol 2020; 190: e37–e38.
The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Information for healthcare professionals corona virus (COVID-19) infection and abortion care . 2020. Available at: https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelinesresearchservices/guidelines/coronavirus-abortion/
Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 2020; 323: 1239–1242.
Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, Haberecker M, Andermatt R, Zinkernagel AS, et al. Endothelial cell infection and endothelitis in COVID-19. Lancet 2020; 395: 1417–1418.
Mol BWJ, Roberts CT, Thangaratinam S, Magee LA, de Groot CJM, Hofmeyr GJ. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet 2016; 387: 999–1011.
Burton GJ, Redman CW, Roberts JM, Moffett A. Pre-eclampsia: pathophysiology and clinical implications. BMJ 2019; 366: l2381.
Di Mascio D, Khalil A, Saccone G, Rizzo G, Buca D, Liberati M, et al. Outcome of corona virus spectrum infections (SARS, MERS, COVID-19) during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J ObstetGynecol MFM 2020; 2: 100107.
Ashish KC, Gurung R, Kinney MV, Sunny AK, Moinuddin M, Basnet O, et al. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic response on intrapartum care, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality outcomes in Nepal: a prospective observational study. Lancet Global Health 2020; 8(10):e1273-1281
Samadi P, Alipour Z, Ghaedrahmati M, Ahangari R. The severity of COVID-19 among pregnant women and the risk of adverse maternal outcomes. Int J GynaecolObstet 2021; 154(1):92-99
Cavalcante MB, de MeloBezerraCavalcante CT, Cavalcante ANM, Sarno M, Barini R, Kwak-Kim J. COVID-19 and miscarriage: From immunopathological mechanisms to actual clinical evidence. J ReprodImmunol 2021; 148:103382.
Priyadharshini CB, Priya S, Selvameena M, Waseemsha S, Muthurajesh E, Shalini M. Demographic profile of COVID-19 positive mothers & their outcome in government Rajaji hospital, Madurai, Tamilnadu - A cross sectional Study. ClinEpidemiol Glob Health 2021; 12:100864.
