Immunological and Genetic Study for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Abstract

Background: Acute and chronic hepatitis, both of which can be brought on by the hepatitis C virus, can range in severity from a mild condition to a devastating, life-long sickness that can result in liver cancer and cirrhosis. A liver inflammatory disease called hepatitis C. Cytokines is chemical mediators that control immune cells' development, division, and function. Evidence suggests that inadequate immune responses contribute to the persistence of HCV.                                                               Objective: The goal of this study was to immunogenetic of hepatitis C to determine the prevalence of [ hepatitis C virus  (HCV Ag) ] among HCV surface antigen-positive (HCV Ag+) persons by analyzing the association between age and gender and the severity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, identify and analyze the UTR-polyprotein gene of local Hepatitis C viru  Materials and Methods: hire 48 individuals From August 2022 to November 2022, a total of persons with acute or chronic HCV infection were recruited and 5 sample for genetic sequence. Healthy controls and research participants ranged in age from 21 to 80, and all of them were analyzed using ELISA  RT-PCR and using statistical analysis SPSS and ANOVA.                                                                                                   Results:  48 affirmatives out of 48 Using an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent test) double-antibody sandwich. we determined that  HCV participants met the inclusion criteria. The findings of the HCV IgM ELISA Kit indicated that the prevalence of HCV was greatest in those aged 41 to 60 (45.8%), lowest in those aged 21 to 40 (16.7%) and HCV Ag The use of an ELISA kit enabled the discovery. Of the 48 individuals who tested positive for HCV Ag, 21 (56.2%) were female and 27 (43.8%) were male. This indicates that males are more likely than females to have HCV Ag infection. And 5 sample in DNA sequencing method was used to genotype identify and analyze the UTR-polyprotein gene of local Hepatitis C virus isolates (IQ.No.1 - IQ.No.5) and related Hepatitis C virus genotype isolates from NCBI-Blast.                                                                   The local Hepatitis C virus isolates were revealed to be closely linked to NCBI-BLAST Hepatitis C virus subtype 1a (HQ113638.1) at total genetic alterations (0.3-0.05%), according to the phylogenetic tree genetic relationship study.                                                                                                                        The genetic homology sequence identity between the local isolates of the Hepatitis C virus (IQ.No. 1 through IQ.No. 5) and the Hepatitis C virus identified by NCBI BLAST ranged from (99.41% to 99.61%).                                        The local isolates of the Hepatitis C virus (IQ.No.1 to IQK.No.5) were then submitted to the NCBI Genbank and given accession numbers (OQ843893, OQ843894, OQ843895, OQ843896, OQ843897).                                         Conclusion: TNF levels in patients with chronic HCV were noticeably higher than average, New strains of the virus in the gene bank, and therefore we did not find any Iraqi strains registered can compare with them