Assessment of CXCL 10 Gene Expression as Potential Biomarkers in Patient with Renal Failure Associated with BK Polyomavirus

Abstract

BK polyomavirus, sometimes known as BKV infection, is a common and typically nonpathogenic virus that affects 80–90% of adults globally. BK virus (BKV) infection has become a
significant side effect of immunosuppression. Chemokines are 8–12 kDa tiny chemotactic cytokines that
form the chemokine fold by sharing four cysteines. A pro-inflammatory cytokine CXCL10 encourages
immune cells to migrate and become activated at the sites of infection. The main objective of this
research was to assess the expression levels of CXCL10 mRNA in urine and plasma in patient with renal
failure detected as bk virus DNA positive by real-time as contrasted with controls who are healthy.
Both the polyomavirus BKinfected renal failure patient and the healthy control group were the subjects of this
cross-sectional study. Using an in-house comparative real-time PCR, the mRNA levels of CXCL10 were assessed
in the patient and control samples under study. The group of positive BKvirus DNA 16 cases were 8
males with mean age ±SD (41.0 ±15.58) and female 55.36 ± 18.65 vs. Control group 20 cases ,10 male
mean age ±SD (38.1±10.6) and 10 female (47.8±10.6). The mRNA expression levels of CXCL10 in
polyomavirus BK infected with renal failure patient increased compared with healthy controls. The 2-
ΔΔCT gene fold level of CXCL102-ΔΔCTof polyomavirus BK infected with renal failure patient with
median 7.87 ranged (3.39 to 15.9) and 2-ΔΔCT of control with median 1.2 ranged (0.05 to 11.72). The p
= 0.00 statistically significant. the mean rank 27.5 for patient and 11.3 for control. This upregulation
was significant in polyomavirus BK infected vs. controls. These findings suggest that polyomavirus BK
can cause renal problems by inducing inflammatory indicators such as chemokine. Further completed
investigations with longer follow-up are required to confirm that individuals with polyomavirus BK
infection who have renal failure also have increased expression and production of CXCL10, a proinflammatory chemokine.