Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Shilajit Aqueous Extract on Clinically Isolated Bacteria in Kalar District, Iraq

Abstract

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria represent a significant danger to public
health worldwide, complicating treatment strategies and contributing to high mortality rates.
Among the prominent pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibit
robust resistance profiles against multiple antibiotics, necessitating the exploration of alternative
therapeutic options. Shilajit, a traditional medicinal substance originating from the Himalayas
and other mountainous regions, has garnered attention for its diverse biological activities,
including antimicrobial properties.
Objectives: This study investigates the potential of Shilajit aqueous extract against clinically
isolated MDR strains of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from the Kalar District, Iraq.
Methodology: Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated using disk diffusion and broth micro
dilution methods. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA. All
experiments were performed in triplicate, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results: Results demonstrated significant inhibition of S. aureus at concentrations above 25
mg/mL, while no activity was observed against P. aeruginosa. These findings underscore the
potential of Shilajit as a natural resource for developing alternative therapies amidst the growing
concern of antibiotic resistance.
Conclusions: Shilajit's efficacy against S. aureus highlights its promise as a targeted treatment
option, advocating for further exploration into its mechanisms and broader application in
combating antibiotic-resistant infections.
Recommendations: Preventive programs focusing on encouraging the use of Shilajit and
similar natural products should be considered. Further research is recommended to explore the
mechanisms of Shilajit's antibacterial activity and to evaluate its efficacy in clinical settings.