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December 21, 2025
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December 21, 2025
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December 14, 2025
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Abstract

Background. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a malignant clonal
disorder of immature cells in the haemopoietic hierarchical system. Flow
cytometry (FC) immunophenotyping is essential for diagnosis and subtyping
of AML. CD2 antigen is expressed on thymocytes, peripheral T cells, NKCs,
and a subpopulation of B cells; it is aberrantly expressed in a quarter of cases
of acute promyelocytic leukaemia.
Aims. This study is designed to investigate the frequency of the aberrant CD2
expression on adult AML blast cells at the initial diagnosis, and correlate their
expression with complete blood count (CBC) results, blast cells percent in
peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM), the AML subtypes,
extramedullary manifestations, and the initial response to the induction
therapy.
Methods. Thirty adult cases (> 15 years) with de novo AML were
consequently selected in the period from the 5th of October 2023 to the 10th
of March 2024. Their mean age was 38.97±18.59 yrs (18 males and 12
females). All AML cases were diagnosed according to the WHO criteria for
AML and they were diagnosed by cytomorphology and FC for suspected
cases. Aberrant antigens CD2 expressions was investigated by eight-color
(BD FACSCanto II USA) at diagnosis.
Results. CD2 was expressed on blast cells in 13.3% of AML cases. AML
cases with positive CD2 expression were younger than those with negative
expression and CD2 was expressed equally by males and females. CD2 was
significantly more expressed on leukaemic cells of M3 cases. There was no
significant correlation with any of the haematological parameters with CD2
expression. Also it appeared that there were no significant correlations
between CD2 aberrant expression with the extramedullary manifestations and
with the non-response to the induction therapy.
Conclusion. Aberrant CD2 is significantly more expressed on leukaemic
cells of M3 cases. Neither CD2 aberrant expression is found to be
significantly correlated with the age, gender, nor with the haematological
parameters, induction therapy response or extramedullary manifestations.

Keywords

Acute myeloid leukaemia Flow cytometry Aberrant expression CD2

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Copyright (c) 2025 Haithem Ahmed Al-Rubaie Ahmed Al-Rubaie, Najwan Salih Nima, Sura Kanaan Mejeed

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