Effect of Chemothereapy and Radiotherapy on Electrolyte level and PH of Saliva in Cancer Patients with or without Oral Candidiasis in Sulaymani –Iraq
Keywords:
chemotherapy, radiotherapy, salivary gland, Oral cavity, chlorideAbstract
Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy usually impairs the function of the salivary glands; the disruption is both temporary and reversible.To indicate the effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments on the electrolyte and pH of saliva. Fifty saliva samples from cancer patients were collected with 50 controls. The saliva sample was collected with closed lips within the oral cavity, and then it was expelled into a falcon tube and was centrifugation (5 min at 2500 rpm), we took 250 microliters from the supernatant (clarified saliva), and after that analyzed by (Electrolytes Analyzer machine). The pH of saliva was more acidic in cancer patients in comparison to control individuals (P-value 0.001), and the mean chloride level in cancer patients was recorded (52.05mmo/L), but in ordinary people, the mean showed (46.20mmo/L). In conclusion, cancer treatments are affected by the increase of Chloride levels and decrease of Potassium and pH levels compared with healthy people's saliva.References
Wiener RC, Wu B, Crout R, Wiener M, Plassman B, Kao E, et al. Hyposalivation and xerostomia in dentate older adults. J Am Dent Assoc [Internet]. 2010;141(3):279–84. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2010.0161
Aframian DJ, Keshet N, Nadler C, Zadik Y, Vered M. Minor salivary glands: Clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features of common and less common pathologies. Acta Histochem [Internet]. 2019;121(8):151451. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151451
Amano O, Mizobe K, Bando Y, Sakiyama K. Anatomy and histology of rodent and human major salivary glands: Overview of the Japan salivary gland society-sponsored workshop. Acta Histochem Cytochem. 2012;45(5):241–50.
Lee SK, Lee SW, Chung SC, Kim YK, Kho HS. Analysis of residual saliva and minor salivary gland secretions in patients with dry mouth. Arch Oral Biol. 2002;47(9):637–41.
López BC, Esteve CG, Pérez MGS. Dental treatment considerations in the chemotherapy patient. J Clin Exp Dent. 2011;3(1):31–42.
Poulopoulos A, Papadopoulos P, Andreadis D. Chemotherapy: oral side effects and dental interventions. A review of the literature. Stomatol Dis Sci. 2017;1(2):35–49.
McCarty TP, Pappas PG. Invasive Candidiasis. Infect Dis Clin North Am [Internet]. 2016;30(1):103–24. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2015.10.013
Dupuy AK, David MS, Li L, Heider TN, Peterson JD, Montano EA, et al. Redefining the human oral mycobiome with improved practices in amplicon-based taxonomy: Discovery of Malassezia as a prominent commensal. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):1–11.
Smith DJ, Joshipura K, Kent R, Taubman MA. Effect of age on immunoglobulin content and volume of human labial gland saliva. J Dent Res. 1992;71(12):1891–4.
Tsui C, Kong EF, Jabra-Rizk MA. Pathogenesis of Candida albicans biofilm. Pathog Dis. 2016;74(4):ftw018.
Nordlund Å, Johansson I, Källestål C, Ericson T, Sjöström M, Strömberg N. Improved ability of biological and previous caries multimarkers to predict caries disease as revealed by multivariate PLS modelling. BMC Oral Health. 2009;9(1):1–12.
Jena S, Hasan S, Panigrahi R, Das P, Mishra N, Saeed S. Chemotherapy-associated oral complications in a south Indian population: a cross-sectional study. J Med Life. 2022;15(4):470–8.
Lan X, Chan JYK, Pu JJ, Qiao W, Pang S, Yang W fa, et al. Saliva electrolyte analysis and xerostomia-related quality of life in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients following intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol [Internet]. 2020;150:97–103. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2020.06.016
Pinto VL, Fustinoni SM, Nazário ACP, Facina G, Elias S. Prevalence of xerostomia in women during breast cancer chemotherapy. Rev Bras Enferm. 2020;73(Suppl 4):e20190785.
Lan X, Chan JYK, Pu JJ, Qiao W, Pang S, Yang W fa, et al. Saliva electrolyte analysis and xerostomia-related quality of life in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients following intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol [Internet]. 2020;150:97–103. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2020.06.016
Natarajan K, Gayathri R, Vishnu Priya V. Analysis of electrolytes in saliva of periodontitis and healthy individuals. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2016;41(1):12–4.
Bardow A, Moe D, Nyvad B, Nauntofte B. The buffer capacity and buffer systems of human whole saliva measured without loss of CO2. Arch Oral Biol. 2000;45(1):1–12.
Valdez IH, Atkinson JC, Ship JA, Fox PC. Major salivary gland function in patients with radiation-induced xerostomia: Flow rates and sialochemistry. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1993;25(1):41–7.
Su YX, Benedek GA, Sieg P, Liao GQ, Dendorfer A, Meller B, et al. Radioprotective Effect of Lidocaine on Neurotransmitter Agonist-Induced Secretion in Irradiated Salivary Glands. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):1–7.
Catalán MA, Peña-Munzenmayer G, Melvin JE. Ca2+-dependent K+ channels in exocrine salivary glands. Cell Calcium. 2014;55(6):362–8.
Ramirez-Amador V, Silverman S, Mayer P, Tyler M, Quivey J. Candidal colonization and oral candidiasis in patients undergoing oral and pharyngeal radiation therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;84(2):149–53.
Vistoso Monreal A, Polonsky G, Shiboski C, Sankar V, Villa A. Salivary Gland Dysfunction Secondary to Cancer Treatment. Front Oral Heal. 2022;3(June):1–6.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 University of Thi-Qar Journal Of Medicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
