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October 4, 2023
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October 4, 2023
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October 4, 2023
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Abstract

    Type 1diabetes (T1D) occurs due to immune system dysregulation and invading pancreatic beta (β)-cells  by auto-reactive immune T cells, which leads to decreases of β-cells activity and viability in addition to prolonged therapy with exogenous insulin. The primary aim of this study was to delve into and explore the roles of adiponectin (ADP) and islet antigen-2 autoantibody (IA-2A) as potential predictors and/or diagnostic biomarkers for T1D and to determine the effects of them on pancreatic β-cells dysfunction. A case-control investigation was conducted between the months of August and December 2022, which included three study groups; the T1D group which included 35 newly diagnosed T1D patients, first degree relatives (FDRs) group which included a total of 35 FDRs of T1D patients and healthy control (HC) group with a total of 20 healthy individuals. Serum levels of connecting (C) peptide, ADP, and IA-2A were measured for all study participants using an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed significantly lower levels of C. peptide and ADP among T1D and FDRs subjects in comparison to HC group, whereas the IA-2A level was significantly higher in T1D and FDRs subjects than in HC subjects. The level IA-2A revealed a significant positive association with the levels of C. peptide and ADP within T1D and FDRs groups, whereas there exists a positive correlation between ADP levels and C. peptide levels across all research groups. The combination between lower C. peptide and ADP levels and higher IA-2A levels is the most robust and cost-effective predictive and diagnostic biomarker for T1D. The positive relationship between ADP and C. peptide indicated a possible utility of higher ADP levels as a marker of low β-cells stress and/or death, whereas the positive relationship between ADP and IA-2A indicated the vital anti-inflammatory role of ADP. High IA-2A level at the time of T1D diagnosis does not predict the degree of pancreatic β-cells stress and/or death.
 

Keywords

T1D C. peptide IA-2A β-cells

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