Article Sidebar

Submitted
December 22, 2025
Accepted
December 22, 2025
Published
December 14, 2025
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 203 Download : 154

Main Article Content

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is a predominant source of cancer-related illness and
death worldwide. The study aimed to describe the demographic and
clinical factors associated with CRC. A cross sectional study was
conducted involving 74 cases of colorectal cancer patients. Analysis was
done on demographic factors such age, sex, employment, and place of
residence, we gathered clinical information from patients on their tumor
site, family history, chronic illnesses, cancer grade, stage, and lymph node
metastasis (LNM). Marked disparities were observed among colorectal
cancer patients in term of age distribution and occupation with the largest
proportion aged 41-50 years (31.08%). Tumor location was mainly on the
left side (51.35%) with a significant association (p < 0.01). One-third of
patients (33.78%) had a positive family history of colorectal cancer (p <
0.01). Chronic disease presence was higher in patients but not statistically
significant (p = 0.11). Most patients presented with grade 2 tumors
(78.38%) and stage T3 (78.38%) disease, with a high prevalence of lymph
node metastasis (70.27%) (p < 0.01 for all). Sex and residency showed no
significant differences between groups. The study highlights significant
demographic and clinical disparities among colorectal cancer patients
emphasizing the importance of age, occupation, tumor site, family history,
and disease stage in CRC risk and progression. These findings can inform
targeted screening and tailored treatment approaches.

Keywords

clinic-pathological characteristics Demographic data Colorectal cancer

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Farah thiab hammed, Saad Abdul Azeez Atiyah, Hameed Naeem Musa

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

  1. Henrikson NB, Webber EM, Goddard KA, Scrol A, Piper M, Williams MS, et al. Family history and the natural history of colorectal
  2. cancer: systematic review. Genet Med. 2015;17(9):702–12. doi:10.1038/gim.2014.188.
  3. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates
  4. of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49. doi:10.3322/caac.21660.
  5. Al Alwan NA. General oncology care in Iraq. In: Cancer in the Arab World. Singapore: Springer; 2022. p. 63–82. doi:10.1007/978
  6. -16-7945-2.
  7. Barberis E, Joseph S, Amede E, Clavenna MG, La Vecchia M, Sculco M, et al. A new method for investigating microbiota-produced
  8. small molecules in adenomatous polyps. Anal Chim Acta. 2021;1179:338841. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2021.338841.
  9. Youssef AS, Abdel-Fattah MA, Lotfy MM, Nassar A, Abouelhoda M, Touny AO, et al. Multigene panel sequencing reveals cancer
  10. specific and common somatic mutations in colorectal cancer patients: an Egyptian experience. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2022;44(3):1332
  11. doi:10.3390/cimb44030090.
  12. Wong CC, Yu J. Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer development and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2023;20(7):429–52.
  13. doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00766-x.
  14. Molanaie N, Rahimi E, Aiobi S. Epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Kurdistan province during 1995–1999. Sci J Kurdistan Univ
  15. Med Sci. 2000;5(1):22–5.
  16. Watson AJ, Collins PD. Colon cancer: a civilization disorder. Dig Dis. 2011;29(2):222–8. doi:10.1159/000323926.
  17. Park SH, Lee JH, Lee SS, Kim JC, Yu CS, Kim HC, et al. CT colonography for detection and characterization of synchronous
  18. proximal colonic lesions in patients with stenosing colorectal cancer. Gut. 2012;61(12):1716–22. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301135.
  19. Stoyanova M, Gledacheva V, Nikolova S. Gut–Brain–Microbiota axis in irritable bowel syndrome: a narrative review of
  20. pathophysiology and current approaches. Appl Sci. 2025;15(12):6441.
  21. Siegel RL, Wagle NS, Cercek A, Smith RA, Jemal A. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin. 2023;73(3):233–54.
  22. doi:10.3322/caac.21772.
  23. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of
  24. incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492.
  25. Bmjalli A, Obaid MM, Matti BF, Abbas NT. Treatment outcomes of nilotinib as second line therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia
  26. patients in Karbala Province of Iraq. Asian Pac J Cancer Care. 2022;7(2):267–72.
  27. Soliman NF, Mohamad BJ. Clinical and histopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer in Iraq between 2015–2021. Arch
  28. Razi Inst. 2022;77(6).
  29. Erbe R, Wang Z, Zaidi N, Topper M, Baylin S, Jaffee EM, et al. Aging interacts with tumor biology to produce major changes in
  30. the immune tumor microenvironment. bioRxiv. 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.06.08.140764.
  31. Kim H, Giovannucci EL. Sex differences in the association of obesity and colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control. 2017;28:14.
  32. Rawla P, Sunkara T, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of colorectal cancer: incidence, mortality, survival, and risk factors.
  33. Gastroenterology Rev. 2019;14(2):89–103. doi:10.5114/pg.2018.81072.
  34. Jassim HM, Lafi SA, Majeed YH. Escherichia coli biomarker types in colorectal cancer patients. Int J Drug Deliv Technol.
  35. ;12(2):622–8.
  36. White A, Ironmonger L, Steele RJ, Ormiston-Smith N, Crawford C, Seims A. A review of sex-related differences in colorectal
  37. cancer incidence, screening uptake, routes to diagnosis, cancer stage and survival in the UK. BMC Cancer. 2018;18:1.
  38. doi:10.1186/s12885-018-4786-7.
  39. El-Kassas D, Abd Elbary N, Darweesh A, Hassan R, Ismail M. The potential of malnutrition among colorectal cancer adult patients:
  40. case–control study. J Home Econ-Menoufia Univ. 2022;32(4):81–100.
  41. Anderson AE, Henry KA, Samadder NJ, Merrill RM, Kinney AY. Rural vs urban residence affects risk-appropriate colorectal
  42. cancer screening. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11(5):526–33. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2012.11.025.
  43. Wang CB, Shahjehan F, Merchea A, Li Z, Bekaii-Saab TS, Grothey A, et al. Impact of tumor location and variables associated
  44. with overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer: a Mayo Clinic registry study. Front Oncol. 2019;9:76.
  45. doi:10.3389/fonc.2019.00076.
  46. Ansa BE, Coughlin SS, Alema-Mensah E, Smith SA. Evaluation of colorectal cancer incidence trends in the United States (2000
  47. . J Clin Med. 2018;7(2):22. doi:10.3390/jcm7020022.
  48. Liu S, Lin Y, Huang S, Xue S, Huang R, Chen L, et al. Identifying the long-term survival beneficiary of chemotherapy for stage
  49. N1c sigmoid colon cancer. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):16909. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21331-z.
  50. Duduyemi BM, Ayibor WG, Asante E, Owusu E, Safo FK, Appiah LK, et al. Histological analysis of colorectal cancer specimen
  51. in a tertiary hospital in Ghana: a retrospective study. Niger J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;12(2):40–4. doi:10.4103/NJGH.NJGH_10_20.
  52. Homady MH, Juma AS, Ubeid MH. Age and gender in relation to colorectal cancer in Najef province: a histopathological study.
  53. Acta Sci Pharm Sci. 2021;5:1–10. doi:10.31579/2768-0487/006.
  54. Nomura M, Takahashi H, Fujii M, Miyoshi N, Haraguchi N, Hata T, et al. Clinical significance of invasion distance relative to
  55. prognosis in pathological T3 colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett. 2019;18(5):5614–20. doi:10.3892/ol.2019.10913.
  56. Mahdavinia M, Bishehsari F, Ansari R, Norouzbeigi N, Khaleghinejad A, Hormazdi M, et al. Family history of colorectal cancer
  57. in Iran. BMC Cancer. 2005;5:112. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-5-112.
  58. Almuhanna R, Al-Thoubaity F, Almalki K, Algarni N, Hamad R, Makhtoum T. Clinicopathological characteristics and overall 5
  59. year survival of colorectal cancer: a retrospective study. Med Sci. 2022;10(3):42. doi:10.3390/medsci10030042.

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Most read articles by the same author(s)