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Abstract
development. Early initiation of breastfeeding which is affected by way of delivery has great
importance for both mothers and newborns. The main aim of this study is to assess breastfeeding
barriers and difficulties among mothers undergo cesareans section.
Methodology: A cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted among a convenience
sample of 100 mothers having 6-24-month age children which were born through cesarean
section in Rania city. The data were collected using a questionnaire format with face to face
interviewing technique from 15th to 27th December 2021. Validity and reliability of the data
collection tool was attained (r.=0.73) and data were analyzed using SPSS.
Results:
More than half of mothers were at the age of 24-35 years old. The highest percentage of mothers
42% were at the highest level of education and the majority of them 82% were house wife. Most
of the mothers 79% were at barely sufficient monthly income. About half of the cesarean
deliveries 47% were emergency. Only 36% of the mother’s initiate feeding within first hour and
54% of them practiced exclusive breastfeeding for the first day following delivery. Highest
percentage of mothers mentioned pain as a main difficulty for breastfeeding within the first day
of life, while insufficient milk was the main difficulty following that period. There were no
significant association between breastfeeding history, difficulties of breastfeeding and
indications of cesarean section.
Conclusion:
Cesarean delivery adversely affected timely initiation of breast feeding and continuing for the
age of six months. Different indications of cesarean delivery had no significant association with
the history of breastfeeding and its difficulties.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2023 University of Thi-Qar Journal Of Medicine
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References
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- Influences Of Cesarean Delivery On Breastfeeding Practices And Duration: A Prospective
- Cohort Study. Journal Of Human Lactation, 34, 526-534.
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- Plos One, 15, E0244229.
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- Review And Meta-Analysis. International Breastfeeding Journal, 16, 1-10.
- Hobbs, A. J., Mannion, C. A., Mcdonald, S. W., Brockway, M. & Tough, S. C. 2016. The Impact
- Of Caesarean Section On Breastfeeding Initiation, Duration And Difficulties In The First Four
- Months Postpartum. Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth, 16, 1-9.
- Horta, B. L., Loret De Mola, C. & Victora, C. G. 2015. Long‐Term Consequences Of
- Breastfeeding On Cholesterol, Obesity, Systolic Blood Pressure And Type 2 Diabetes: A
- Systematic Review And Meta‐Analysis. Acta Paediatrica, 104, 30-37.
- Mahmood, M. 2016. Assessment Of Some Associated Factors With Omitting Exclusive
- Breastfeeding In Rania City. University Of Raparin, 3, 8.
- Ochieng Arunda, M., Agardh, A. & Asamoah, B. O. 2020. Cesarean Delivery And Associated
- Socioeconomic Factors And Neonatal Survival Outcome In Kenya And Tanzania: Analysis Of
- National Survey Data. Global Health Action, 13, 1748403.
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- Health Facilities Globally.
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- World Health Organization.
- Paksoy Erbaydar, N. & Erbaydar, T. 2020. Relationship Between Caesarean Section And
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- Gynecology Of India, 66, 284-288.
- Sharifirad, G., Rezaeian, M., Soltani, R., Javaheri, S. & Mazaheri, M. A. 2013. A Survey On The
- Effects Of Husbands’ Education Of Pregnant Women On Knowledge, Attitude, And Reducing
- Elective Cesarean Section. Journal Of Education And Health Promotion, 2.
- Smith, E. R., Locks, L. M., Manji, K. P., Mcdonald, C. M., Kupka, R., Kisenge, R., Aboud, S.,
- Fawzi, W. W. & Duggan, C. P. 2017. Delayed Breastfeeding Initiation Is Associated With Infant
- Morbidity. The Journal Of Pediatrics, 191, 57-62. E2.
- Yisma, E., Mol, B. W., Lynch, J. W. & Smithers, L. G. 2019. Impact Of Caesarean Section On
- Breastfeeding Indicators: Within-Country And Meta-Analyses Of Nationally Representative
- Data From 33 Countries In Sub-Saharan Africa. Bmj Open, 9, E027497
References
Chen, C., Yan, Y., Gao, X., Xiang, S., He, Q., Zeng, G., Liu, S., Sha, T. & Li, L. 2018.
Influences Of Cesarean Delivery On Breastfeeding Practices And Duration: A Prospective
Cohort Study. Journal Of Human Lactation, 34, 526-534.
Gedefaw, G., Goedert, M. H., Abebe, E. & Demis, A. 2020. Effect Of Cesarean Section On
Initiation Of Breast Feeding: Findings From 2016 Ethiopian Demographic And Health Survey.
Plos One, 15, E0244229.
Getaneh, T., Negesse, A., Dessie, G., Desta, M., Temesgen, H., Getu, T. & Gelaye, K. 2021.
Impact Of Cesarean Section On Timely Initiation Of Breastfeeding In Ethiopia: A Systematic
Review And Meta-Analysis. International Breastfeeding Journal, 16, 1-10.
Hobbs, A. J., Mannion, C. A., Mcdonald, S. W., Brockway, M. & Tough, S. C. 2016. The Impact
Of Caesarean Section On Breastfeeding Initiation, Duration And Difficulties In The First Four
Months Postpartum. Bmc Pregnancy And Childbirth, 16, 1-9.
Horta, B. L., Loret De Mola, C. & Victora, C. G. 2015. Long‐Term Consequences Of
Breastfeeding On Cholesterol, Obesity, Systolic Blood Pressure And Type 2 Diabetes: A
Systematic Review And Meta‐Analysis. Acta Paediatrica, 104, 30-37.
Mahmood, M. 2016. Assessment Of Some Associated Factors With Omitting Exclusive
Breastfeeding In Rania City. University Of Raparin, 3, 8.
Ochieng Arunda, M., Agardh, A. & Asamoah, B. O. 2020. Cesarean Delivery And Associated
Socioeconomic Factors And Neonatal Survival Outcome In Kenya And Tanzania: Analysis Of
National Survey Data. Global Health Action, 13, 1748403.
Organization, W. H. 2018. Who And Unicef Issue New Guidance To Promote Breastfeeding In
Health Facilities Globally.
Organization, W. H. & Unicef. 2003. Global Strategy For Infant And Young Child Feeding,
World Health Organization.
Paksoy Erbaydar, N. & Erbaydar, T. 2020. Relationship Between Caesarean Section And
Breastfeeding: Evidence From The 2013 Turkey Demographic And Health Survey. Bmc
Pregnancy And Childbirth, 20, 1-9.
Samdal, L. J., Steinsvik, K. R., Pun, P., Dani, P., Roald, B., Stray-Pedersen, B. & Bøhler, E.
Indications For Cesarean Sections In Rural Nepal. The Journal Of Obstetrics And
Gynecology Of India, 66, 284-288.
Sharifirad, G., Rezaeian, M., Soltani, R., Javaheri, S. & Mazaheri, M. A. 2013. A Survey On The
Effects Of Husbands’ Education Of Pregnant Women On Knowledge, Attitude, And Reducing
Elective Cesarean Section. Journal Of Education And Health Promotion, 2.
Smith, E. R., Locks, L. M., Manji, K. P., Mcdonald, C. M., Kupka, R., Kisenge, R., Aboud, S.,
Fawzi, W. W. & Duggan, C. P. 2017. Delayed Breastfeeding Initiation Is Associated With Infant
Morbidity. The Journal Of Pediatrics, 191, 57-62. E2.
Yisma, E., Mol, B. W., Lynch, J. W. & Smithers, L. G. 2019. Impact Of Caesarean Section On
Breastfeeding Indicators: Within-Country And Meta-Analyses Of Nationally Representative
Data From 33 Countries In Sub-Saharan Africa. Bmj Open, 9, E027497